Sheffield argued that rewards produce excitement which is motivating. Wearden and others published mysteries of the organism. Hull believed that heightened levels of arousal would lead to increases in the dominant response of the sporting performance. Terms in this set 12 drive reduction theory hull an event is reinforcing in that it reduces a physiological drive according to hull all reinforcers are associated. Drive reduction theory, first proposed by clark hull in 1943, proposed that the purpose of biological drives is to correct disturbances of homeostasis. This principle was first proposed by the psychologist clark hull in 1943 to explain the conditions under which learning takes place. Clark hull s drive reduction theory explained duration. This means youre free to copy, share and adapt any parts or all of the text in. Hull s drive reduction theory of motivation the drive reduction theory says that humans are motivated to reduce the state of tension caused when certain biological needs are not satisfied. According to hulls drive reduction theory, biological deprivation creates needs. Individuals faced with more than one need at the same time experience multiple drives, and research has shown that multiple drives can lead to more rapid. Drive itself was defined as motivation that arose due to a psychological or physiological need. Other articles where drivereduction theory is discussed.
There is a lack of generalization within the concepts of this idea. The resulting behavior is goaldirected, since achieving these goals aids in the survival of the. Yet his use of rigorous experimentation and the inclusion of other scientific methods to develop the theory have helped to expand the field of psychology in numerous ways. However it feel out of favor because it couldnt explain situations where people choose a tension. The drivereduction theory talks about an organisms reaction in an event where his physical needs are challenged and unstable. Drive reduction theory was introduced in 1930s by an eminent american psychologist clark hull, whose works were influenced by other behaviorists like ivan. He thought reinforcement to be of two kinds primary and secondary. Drivereduction theory and learning according to hull, drive reduction is a major aspect of learning. Hulls motivational theory must be considered in the context of his theory of learning. Drive reduction theory and learning according to hull. Drive reduction theory was developed by the psychologist clark hull in 1943, as the first theory for motivation. These needs activate drives which then motivate behavior. The drive reduction theory of motivation a theory originally posited in the mid 20th century.
Like other behaviorists, hull believed that all behavior could be explained by conditioning principles. Homeostatic reinforcement learning for integrating reward. Hull s attempt to explain all behavior was assisted by his collaborator kenneth spence. How to use the theories of motivation to keep yourself. Learn clark hull drive theory with free interactive flashcards. But his most famous work was the drive reduction theory. Pdf drive reduction theory general drive reduction. Hull later revised his theory to a drive stimulus reduction theory because drive reduction was too far removed from the presentation of the reinforcer.
It was one of the popular theories of motivation during the 1940s and the 50s, not only as a theory to explain motivation, but also learning and behavior. In this theory, hull proposed a persons behaviour is an external display of his desire to satisfy his physical deficiencies. The authors implement, in a simple mathematical manner, an elaboration of hull s drive reduction theory 1943, a theory that reinforces a behavior if it reduces any deviation of an organism from homeostasis. In its simplest form, the theory claimed that no learning occurred unless a drive produced tension and impelled the organism into activity to procure a reward that would reduce the drive and satisfy its related physiological need. Reinforcement reduces the need stimulus response bond strengthened 17 postulate 4. If you have achieved homeostasis, your motivation is. In theory, the strength of the aggressive drive generated should depend on the degree of pursuit interference, the number of pursuits blocked and the importance of the pursuit or pursuits blocked. Assumptions of the drivereduction theory of motivation. Clark hulls drivereduction theory suggests that human motivation is rooted in biological needs that lead to drives that motivate behavior. Hulls drive reduction theory by daniel bastablehouse on prezi. For instance, thirst, hunger and the need for warmth are examples of drives. The theory states that reduction of the drive is a major cause of learning and behavior. A physiological need creates an aroused tension state a drive that motivates an organism to satisfy the need hull, 1951.
He is also known for his work in drive theory hull spent the mature part of his career at yale university, where he was recruited by the president and formerpsychologist, james rowland. Unlike primary drives such as hunger and thirst, secondary reinforcers do nothing to directly reduce physiological and biological needs. As a general learning theory it tried to explain all behavior and the likelihood of its. Criticisms while hulls drivereduction theory explains how primary reinforcers are effective in reducing drives, many psychologists argued that the theory is. Drivereduction theory fell out of favor because it failed to explain situations where people choose a tensionproducing over a tension reducing action in extreme sports, for example. In learning theory, drive reduction theory is a type of motivational theory. According to the theory, drive tends to increase over time and operates on a feedback control system, much like a thermostat.
Drives are thought to underlie all behavior in that behaviors are only conditioned, or learned, if the reinforcement satisfies a drive. Drive reduction theory of motivation explained hrf. Drive reduction theory when the instinct theory of motivation failed to explain most human motivation, it was replaced by the drive reduction theory. According to hull, physiological needs result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the needs and. The drive reduction theory attempted to explain why humans are motivated to do the things that they do. Hull s theory inspired an enormous amount of research. The problem with hulls drive reduction theory of motivation is that it is fairly specific in design. The drivereduction theory of motivation the psychology. Drive reduction theory was first established by clark hull.
The drivereduction theory was developed by behaviorist clark hull as a way of accounting for learning, motivation and behavior. Hull believed that behavior was one of the ways that an organism maintains this balance. Because of the disturbance in the organisms level of homeostasis, there is a development of a drive to fulfill that specific need to bring the individual out of its discomfort. The drive reduction theory was created by behaviorist clark hull 1943. Hull was a psychologist who influenced many through his work with hypnosis and conditioning. In effect meaning the more an athlete is psyched up, the better their performance potential in any given event. Drivereduction theory when the instinct theory of motivation failed it was. Drive theory, also known as drive reduction theory, is a psychological theory of motivation and learning generally attributed to clark hull, a psychologist at yale university from 1929 to 1952. Hull thus considered the aim of reinforcement to be the reduction of the drive or drive stimuli. Choose from 9 different sets of clark hull drive theory flashcards on quizlet. Primary reinforcement tended to strengthen a certain behaviour through the satisfaction of basic biological needs, drives or drive. In other words, hull was interested in studying intervening variables that affected behavior such as initial drive, incentives, inhibitors.
One of the biggest problems with hulls drive reduction theory is that it does not account for how secondary reinforcers reduce drives. Hull s theory inspired an enormous amount of research hull believed the animal would repeat any behavior that reduced a drive. As a general learning theory it tried to explain all behavior and the likelihood of its appearance. As far as i can tell, the specific elaboration is to incorporate more modern theories of. Clark hull drive theory flashcards and study sets quizlet.
Hulls mistakes inaccurate concepts of reward and drive. Hull in later years decide to rename his drive reduction theory to be called drive stimulus reduction theory, to emphasize the reduction or complete removal of stimuli elements from the drive that occurs upon the organism completing a correct response sought after on the part of the experimenter. Drive reduction theory, developed by clark hull in 1943, was a major theory for motivation in the behaviorist tradition. Drive theory states that human beings typically experience biological or psychological drives or needs, and that much of human behavior occurs as an effort to satisfy those needs and reduce the potency.
Hull hull developed a version of behaviorism in which the stimulus s affects the organism o and the resulting response r depends upon characteristics of both o and s. This learning theory, developed by hull in 1943, is known as drive reduction theory. Hull suggested no mechanism for how environmental stimuli acquire the ability to motivate. Hull was interested in applying mathematical formulas to psychology, and it is simple to see how this works with the drive reduction theory. Drive reduction theory general drive reduction theory was introduced in 1930s by an eminent american psychologist clark hull, whose works were in. Psyc320 quiz 2 chapters 6 and 7 copy psyc320 test 2. Drive reduction this habit strength is represented as. This theory was first proposed by american psychologist clark hull in 1943. Hull s theory was called a drive reduction theory of motivation. Drivereduction theory and human behavior verywell mind. Drive reduction theory, developed by clark hull in 1943, was a major theory. This could reflect both fatigue and active inhibition as in extinction, or cs signals. Hull, the drivereduction theory focuses on how motivation originates from biological needs or drives. Drive reduction theory was introduced in 1930s by an eminent american psychologist clark hull, whose works were influenced by other behaviorists like ivan pavlov, edward thorndike and edward tolman, but also by charles darwins theory of evolution.
Hull was one of the first theorists to try to create a theory designed to explain all behavior. Reducing a drive provided reinforcement for behavior. Drive reduction food drive reduction organism physiological aim of drive reduction is homeostasis maintenance of steady internal state, e. The drive reduction theory explains that a person behaves in order to reduce. It centres round the premise that humans are motivated to take action where there are disturbances to homeostasis. Powtoon is a free tool that allows you to develop cool animated clips and animated presentations for your website, office meeting, sales pitch. Drive reduction theory, developed by clark hull in 1943, was the first theory for motivation dewey, 2007.
Drivereduction theory was intended to explain the fundamental principle of. The drivereduction theory of motivation the psychology notes. Drive theory summarises a direct linear relationship between arousal and sporting performance. Theorists such as clark hull and kenneth spence suggest that drive reduction is a major cause of learning and behavior. Hulls theory is probabilistic in nature and the probability of a response in the product of two general factors. Drive is an excitatory state produced by a homeostatic disturbanceseward, 1956 drive theory is based on the principle that organisms are born with certain psychological needs and that a negative state of tension is created when. The theory that learning is dependent on the alleviation or satisfaction of a drive. These are the questions that psychologists like clark hull set out to answer. Hull believed that when a need occurred again, the animal would repeat a behavior that reduced the drive on a previous occasion. Hull based his theory on the concept of homeostasis, the idea that the body works actively to maintain a certain state of balance or equilibrium. Clark leonard hull may 24, 1884 may 10, 1952 was an american psychologist who sought to explain learning and motivation by scientific laws of behavior.
Start a free trial of quizlet plus by thanksgiving lock in 50% off all year try it free. His term drive refers to a state of tension or arousal caused by biological or physiological needs. The drivereduction theory was created by behaviorist clark hull to explain behavior, learning and motivation. Drive reduction theory by clark hull clark hull was born in 1884.